Laser Cutting| All about Laser Cutting

Is it possible to use it in your house?
How do you trace and cut the picture exactly?
Do you control it or does the machine do it by itself?
So many questions…

We have laser machines to engrave photos into crystals. It is not exactly cutting, but the principle is the same.

To have precise cutting or engraving, you need computer control. Without computer control, cutting is possible, but it will not be pretty. Engraving is impossible without computer control, since you need to arrange millions of dots together to form the photo.

For laser cutting, you essentially heat the metal (or whatever you are cutting) to vaporize it. For laser crystal engraving that we do, the laser beam is focused inside a crystal, where its intensity is strong enough to cause a structure change. The surface is not changed because the laser is not focused there.

I really want to be able to laser cut acrylic for jewelery, what do I need to do this? How hard is it? Can you make much of a profit if you send it to a company to get cut?

Thank you.

I would check out Ponoko. http://www.ponoko.com/ It’s really pretty easy. They can laser-cut a design from an EPS file or even from a scanned in drawing. Lots of people sell their stuff through Ponoko too and are definitely making a profit.

India offers cutting edge Plastic Surgery for everything from Face-lift to Neck contouring. Indian Health care industry is undergoing phenomenal expansion. The combination of high quality services and low cost facilities is attracting thousands of international patients every year. This is hardly surprising considering the cost of cosmetic surgeries in India is 5 to 6 times lower than anywhere else in the world. When compared to other popular countries; India has the advantage of hospital facilities, experienced doctors and cost. Compared to Thailand, India on average is 50% cheaper and when compared to South Africa a sixth the cost.

WHAT IS PLASTIC SURGERY?

Plastic surgery is a specialized branch of surgery that deals with correction of all visible defects and deformities of any body part. Such deformities may be present since birth or acquired following injuries or after various surgical procedures. These defects commonly involve the skin, soft tissues, muscles or underlying skeleton. Plastic surgery is also done to improve the looks or aesthetics of normal body parts such as face, nose, eyes, cheeks, lips, chin, breasts, the shape and contours of abdomen, waist, hips, legs etc. Thus, plastic surgery has a very wide domain.

WHO REQUIRES PLASTIC SURGERY?

Any person of any age irrespective of cast, creed and socioeconomic status suffering from any of the following may be the candidate for plastic surgery:

1. BIRTH OR CONGENITAL DEFECTS

Abnormal shape of the head or skull, clefts of the lips, palate or the face. Defects or abnormal shape of the eyes, nose, ears, jawbones etc. Defects of the limbs, fused fingers, extra fingers, large sized fingers and toes. Defects of the genitals such as hypospadias i.e. abnormal shape of the penis with abnormal urinary opening, absence of vagina, inter sex etc. Large black hairy nevus or moles, haemangiomas and vascular lesions. Foetal defect correction in utero i.e. before birth endoscopic correction of some defects inside the mother’s womb.

2. ACCIDENTS & INJURIES

Several roadside and automobile accident injuries involving face, eyelids, nose, ears etc. All cases with fractures of orbital, cheek nose and jawbones. Injuries of the limbs associated with extensive skin loss or degloving injuries. All types of hand and finger injuries especially industrial crush injuries. Cut tendons and nerves, total or partial amputations of the limbs, hands or fingers also can be corrected by plastic surgery.

3. BURN INJURIES

Acute burns due to flames, chemicals and acids, hot water or fluids, electric flash. Post burn contractures, thick hypertrophic scars causing deformities of several body parts.

4. POST SURGERY DEFECTS

Following extensive removal of various parts or areas involved in malignant or cancerous growths such as breasts, jaws, lips, mandible etc.

5. SKIN DEFECTS

Treatment of vitiligo or leucoderma (white) patches, removal of tattoo marks, split ear lobules.

6.COSMETIC OR AESTHETIC SURGERY

For the removal of facial wrinkles, forehead wrinkles, heaviness around eyelids, baggy eyelids, crow’s feet wrinkles, peri oral wrinkles, jowls, and double chin. Lifting up of the eyebrows, nose job or changing the shape of the nose, cheek and chin alterations all can be done by plastic surgery. Thinning or augmenting lips, creation of dimples, reshaping ears, breast reduction or enhancement, breast lifting can be done by plastic surgery. Reshaping arms and legs, body contouring surgery for loose hanging belly, waist, hips, buttocks and thighs can be done by plastic surgery. Removal of pregnancy stretch marks, laser assisted facial rejuvenation and hair transplant are all procedures that come under plastic surgery.

Benefits of Plastic Surgery:

The great thing about plastic surgery is that the benefits can be both physical and emotional, both external and internal. The physical and external benefits of plastic surgery can be multi-faceted. The first thing that many people notice after plastic surgery is that their bodies seem more proportional or balanced. Whether a person opts to have surgery on their face, hips, breasts or thighs the aim is to sculpt the body in a way that looks natural. The result often allows people to look more like they feel like they should look. This may sound strange, but often a nose that is too large for a particular person’s face or a bust that is too large or too small can blur all of this person’s other features making them seem disproportionate. Surgeons aim to correct this by taking each individual’s body into consideration before deciding on a desired result.

The physical result of plastic surgery often produces a healthier look and often people who undergo surgery see this healthy look permeate their entire lifestyle. People who have surgeries like liposuction and breast reduction usually feel that their new bodies allow them to participate in physical activities that they wouldn’t have considered before surgery. Plastic surgery can open new doors to people who had previously lived their lives scared to take on activities like swimming or aerobics because of the lack of clothing involved and the way that they felt that they would be looked at by other people.

Blending in is sometimes quite important to people who decide to have plastic surgery, especially when they have grown up teased because of their features. Surgery often allows these people to finally feel like they fit in with people around them instead of sticking out because of the shape of their body or because of their facial features.

Whether a person chooses to undergo plastic surgery to improve their lifestyle or to improve their look there will always be emotional benefits when a person is finally able to feel comfortable in their body. Many people find that they are more outgoing, personable and confident when they become accustomed to their transformation and this heightened sense of self-esteem can be a benefit that lasts a lifetime.

Risks of Plastic Surgery:

Although complications from plastic surgery are quite rare nowadays each person who is considering having this type of surgery done should make themselves aware of the possible risks of plastic surgery. Plastic surgery complications can range from scarring to fatalities and the effects of surgery can sometimes be traumatizing to patients both physically and psychologically. Even though complications are uncommon it is important to keep plastic surgery dangers in mind. The risks of plastic surgery will differ depending on the individual and the procedure they opt for. Scarring is one of the most common risks that people considering plastic surgery should be aware of. Most surgeons will try to hide incision lines in places where they aren’t noticeable, like under the crease of the breast in breast augmentation plastic surgery and in the hairline in facial plastic surgery, but most surgeries will still result in permanent scarring.

Cost of Plastic Surgery

No, plastic surgery is not very costly. The expenses involved for any procedure depends upon the institution, the infrastructure required, material used, and nature of the procedure, anesthesia and the operating surgeon. As compared to most other superspecialities, a routine plastic surgery procedure requires minimal instrumentation and infrastructure but high degree of innovative surgical skill.

Plastic Surgery in India:

If you need any medical treatments (from Plastic to heart surgery) the cost of these in Inida is far cheaper than in the US or Europe.So, you can have treatments done in Inida , get world class treatments, get a free holiday and have cash left over! India offers what you call a language advantage - a patient would surely prefer a country where English is widely spoken. Also, it is believed that the facilities in India are more suited for International patients. Many highly qualified doctors have had some form of training from abroad, especially USA and UK. Indian surgeons and doctors are known for their skill and research throughout the world. Most patients from countries like USA and UK travel to developing countries such as India for treatment because India offers some of te cheapest pricing options of treatment, offers a good holiday, there are no waiting lists or queues to stand in, the doctors are comparable to anyone in the world and finally, language does not pose a problem as most people speak English.

To know more about Hospitals in India and the Plastic surgery packages available in Hospitals,

Please visit- http://www.fly2india4health.com

Important Details:

Medical Tourism to India -http://www.fly2india4health.com

International Patient Experiences-http://www.fly2india4health.com/international.php

Email -enquiry@fly2india4health.com

Contact Number- 0091-98607-55000.

Dr.Arjun.Bojwani
http://www.articlesbase.com/health-articles/plastic-surgery-in-indiacost-benefits-and-risks-96586.html

I work at an engraving company. We have a Laser machine that can cut straight through 2 inch hardwood in two passes. I have been planning a build for a custom subwoofer box and just now thought of how easy it would be to draw the designs in C.A.D. and use the laser to precisely cut the pieces. How will the MDF handle the heat? Would I have to use low power and make multiple cuts? I do however foresee a problem cutting angles on the edge *The 3/4" side*. I can always at least use it to cut the circle perfectly!

Hi kyleryantoth,

We have a 60W laser and have cut a number of templates from MDF. The biggest problem in laser cutting MDF, and plywood for that matter, is the glue used to bond the material, not the wood itself. When laser cutting any of these materials I highly recommend using wood with an all natural bonding agent instead of the heavy chemical glues found in the MDF and plys you get at most hardware stores. Check with your local lumber yards for these better materials. When laser cutting thick MDF do not try to cut it in 2 passes like you would with 2" hardwoods since, again, it is not the wood that is the issue but the glue. I would suggest 5-7 passes at slightly faster speeds. The glue, like cutting thick acrylic, will re-bond if cut too hot too slowly. You will also get too much flare-up if not done properly.

Specifics:

How will the MDF handle the heat? Too much heat at a very slow speed will torch the wood. Plan on many passes at 100% power but faster speeds (start about 20%-25% speed).

Would I have to use low power and make multiple cuts? No and Yes. On 3/4" MDF aim for about 1/8" deep per pass (roughly 6 cuts) at full power.

I do however foresee a problem cutting angles on the edge *The 3/4" side. - instead of angle joints try dovetail or box joints. They will look better and make the box more sturdy if you plan on 10"+ sub woofers.

Always test your settings on scrap first.

Feel free to email me with any questions.

Mike Perrino
M&G LaserWorks
www.mglaserworks.com

Intel® Core™i7 Processor Extreme Edition i7-975 (3.33GHz) 6.4GTs/8MB Cache

Free Item
FREE Operation FlashPoint D.R. Game (RRP: €49.99) with any Intel® Core™ i5/i7 CPU!

Memory (RAM)
6GB DOMINATOR GT TRI-DDR3 2000MHz (8-8-8-24) - LIFETIME WARRANTY

Motherboard
ASUS® RAMPAGE II EXTREME: DDR3, 3-Way SLI & CrossFireX on Demand

Operating System
Genuine Windows 7 Ultimate 64 Bit - inc DVD & Licence (£145)

USB Options
CORSAIR SURVIVOR 32 GB USB 2.0 PEN DRIVE (£75)

Memory - 1st Hard Disk
250GB OCZ VERTEX SERIES SATA II 2.5" SSD (upto 250MB/sR | 160MB/sW)

2nd Hard Disk
250GB OCZ VERTEX SERIES SATA II 2.5" SSD (upto 250MB/sR | 160MB/sW)

3rd Hard Disk
250GB OCZ VERTEX SERIES SATA II 2.5" SSD (upto 250MB/sR | 160MB/sW)

4th Hard Disk
250GB OCZ VERTEX SERIES SATA II 2.5" SSD (upto 250MB/sR | 160MB/sW)

RAID (HDD 1 & 2)
RAID 0 (STRIPE) (£9)

1st DVD/BLU-RAY Drive
8x BLU-RAY RE-WRITER DRIVE, 16x DVD ±R/±RW (£119)

2nd DVD/BLU-RAY Drive
8x BLU-RAY RE-WRITER DRIVE, 16x DVD ±R/±RW (£119)

Graphics Card
2GB ATI RADEON™ HD 5970 PCI EXPRESS - DirectX® 11

2nd Graphics Card
2GB ATI RADEON™ HD 5970 PCI EXPRESS - DirectX® 11

Sound Card
Sound Blaster® X-Fi™ Elite Pro with External kit (£249)

Network Facilities
2 x 200Mbps HomePlug AV - Create a Wired Network Using Electric Sockets! (£49)

Modem
NONE, I WILL BE USING BROADBAND

Floppy Disk Drive
NONE

Memory Card Reader
INTERNAL 52 IN 1 CARD READER (READS XD, MS, CF, SD, etc)

Case
COOLERMASTER COSMOS 1000 SILVER SILENT CASE (£159)

Power Supply & Case Cooling
1500W Thermaltake Toughpower Modular + 120mm Case Fan (£199)

Processor Cooling
COOLIT FREEZONE ELITE CPU SUB AMBIENT COOLING UNIT(£225)

Firewire & Video Editing
1 x IEEE 1394a FIREWIRE PORT ONBOARD

TV Card
DIGITAL SATELLITE TV CARD (Connect Satellite to your PC)

Monitor
28 Inch Wide TFT Silver/Black 1920 x1200 3MS D-Sub, HDMI (£269)

2nd Monitor
28 Inch Wide TFT Silver/Black 1920 x1200 3MS D-Sub, HDMI (£269)

3rd Monitor
28 Inch Wide TFT Silver/Black 1920 x1200 3MS D-Sub, HDMI (£269)

4th Monitor
28 Inch Wide TFT Silver/Black 1920 x1200 3MS D-Sub, HDMI (£269)

GeForce 3D Vision
GeForce 3D Vision Kit & Samsung SyncMaster 2233RZ 120Hz LCD bundle (£398)

DVI Cable
4 x 2 Metre DVI Cable (£20)

Keyboard & Mouse
Logitech® G19 Gaming Keyboard with Gamepanel LCD Display (£144)

Mouse
Logitech® G9x Laser Gaming Mouse (£65)

Speakers
LOGITECH Z-5500 Digital 5.1 THX-certified digital surround (£245)

Webcam
Logitech® QuickCam® Sphere AF The ultimate in video-calling freedom (£85)

Headsets (VOIP)
Logitech® ClearChat PC Wireless™ Headset High-performance & wireless (£69)

Surge Protection
Belkin 8 Socket 2M Surge Protector with £25,000 Protection! (£14)

Printer
HP PHOTOSMART PLUS ALL-IN-ONE PRINTER - B209A (£129)

Anti-Virus
NORTON 360 SUITE - 1 Year Licence for upto 3 PCs (£55)

Office Software
Microsoft® Office® 2007 Professional (1 Licence) (£221)

External Hard Drive
Seagate FreeAgent Desk 2TB 7,200rpm High-Speed USB External Hard Drive (£149)

£9155 inc VAT and Delivery.

It would really help if you told us what you were planning on using your PC for, as some tasks require a better PC than others, and this computer seems a bit extreme for everyday use, e.g. games and browsing the internet. Also, I can’t imagine anyone ever needing 4 monitors, perhaps 2 would suffice? A single 5970 is also more than enough.

To be honest, i think you only posted this question to show off

A friend of mine that works in a factory was complaining about a cutting laser his company uses to cut steel. He said it was emitting a yellow gas and several of the employees were concerned it may be dangerous. He said something about the laser’s lens being damaged too. Nonetheless the laser was kept running and he seems concerned about it. Anybody know what the gas could be and if it is harmful or not?
I talked to him again and he wasn’t sure where the gas was coming from specifically, though he did add that he knows the laser runs on liquid nitrogen.

I bet the gas or smoke is not from the laser itself, but from the steel being cut. Laser is generated thru a media (laser = Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation). The media can be CO2, He-Ne, YAG or semiconductors. The first two types are gases, but the gas is sealed inside a glass housing. Once leaked, the laser will stop working, so there is no chance that the smoke is due to laser gas leaking.

When laser beam cuts a metal. Its energy is so high that it literally vaporizes (burns) the metal away. The smoke could be due to this burning (oxidation). Alternatively metal-cutting laser uses a lot of power, so it must be cooled somehow to prevent overheating. You can also smell something if the laser overheats. Overheated laser will not last long.

In any case, the gas/smoke is likely not good for your friend’s health. In general term, industrial waste is not good. Your friend should talk to the management.

http://ucrystal.com - laser and crystal are part of my life.

Commander Deen ducked behind the crumbled brick wall as gunfire hailed around him. The marine next to him loaded a new clip into his rifle and yanked on the bolt. A massive tank with two huge cannon barrels on its rotating cabin. rolled next to Deen and fired a double blast at the source of the gunfire. A rocket whizzed overhead narrowly missing the tank and exploding at the base of the building in front of Deen. Deen cocked his M17 rifle and fired a burst over the wall. He pressed his head radio to his ear. “Command! Come in!” He yelled.
“This is Sky eye command, what’s the situation, Commander Deen?” A calm, almost computerized voice responded.
“We are in serious trouble! Being overwhelmed! Need reinforcements ASAP!”
“Commander Deen, all forces are currently pinned or unable to assist. We have R.A.I.N. Squad Omega inbound to provide support. E.T.A. 10 minutes. You must hold your current position until then.”
The tank near Deen exploded in a massive explosion, causing his ears to ring, and blur his vision. “R.A.I.N. squad? Alright, bring the R.A.I.N.! We need that backup, now!” He popped above the wall and fired another burst. He hit an enemy soldier as he ran between cover and the man fell, but Deen ducked behind the wall as a sniper round hit the wall. “Everyone hold out!” he yelled to all his solders. “We got a R.A.I.N. squad coming In! Watch the skies!”

. . .

Captain Jack Archer walked into the cargo hold of the osprey v7. His R.A.I.N. cyberarmor clinked lightly as he walked. His squad sat in the chairs along the walls of the craft. He slapped a slumped head as he walked. “Get up, Butch.” he said. The man jumped and grumbled. He looked around and stood up. “We drop in fifteen, guys. Mount up.” he walked to the wall that was lined with several stations, each stocked with weapons. Each of the solders, all clad in the advanced R.A.I.N. armor, comprised a several black armor plates covering their chest, shoulders, arms legs and vital areas. The plates were strong but light, causing no movement limitations. They walked to their own spots on the wall. Jack grabbed the complex assault rifle that hung in his spot. The spot next to him was vacant and he turned to see another solder with blond hair, his head bowed, a large sniper rifle strapped to his back, and a M17 rifle with a sleek scope and a long barrel in his lap. “William, are you already set?” Jack asked with a chuckle.
The man looked up. “Yeah you know me. Always ready. I just want my rifle close.” His voice was low and somber.
“ yeah I hear ya.” Simon said, down the line. A large jagged scar marked his face near his left eye and stretched all the way to his collarbone. He pumped a massive shotgun with a silver clip feeding from the bottom,” I love Julie here.” He patted the shotgun affenectontly and slipped it onto his back.
“Do you know how creepy it is that you named that gun? And that you named it after mom?” Ryan, who was next to him, looked at him with a perplexed face. Smaller than his massive brother, Ryan simply retrieved his rifle, then he grabbed a large metallic backpack with a red cross on it. He opened the case and examined the contents. “Guess I’ll just fix you up after you get hit.”
“Yeah right, Butch is the one who always gets hit.” Simon jeered, loading grenades on his belt, and retrieving his own metal pack.
Butch looked up from his cubicle. “He’s right ya know.” he said in his booming voice. “I mean, hell, I have the record for the most bullets ever taken. Well, taken and survived. “ he chuckled and the massive man picked up a large minigun. The multiple barrels shown as he raised the large frame and connected a massive drum magazine on the side. He spun the barrels around and laughed a little.
“Please be careful with that thing.” Dill said from the far end of the line. The tech-officer flexed his arm and examined the small electronic device on the arm of his armor. “You scare me with that monster. “
”O.K. Who scares you more? Me or Butch?” James Hailfeild, with his mad red hair leaned out and looked at Dill with a mad smile, holding a block C4.
“You.” Dill said without a moments hesitation. “And you be really careful with that.” Dill grabbed his rifle, covered in various electronic devices and tools.
“Cut the crap guys, we need to drop soon.” jack said. “Get your gear and get over here.” Archer walked past the rest of them to a large round base. His black metallic pack had a small sniper rifle attached to it, and the hilt of a blade over his right shoulder. His custom rifle hung on his chest, with a small sleek optical scope, a inferred laser sight, and a front grip. The barrel was longer then the standard, but shorter than Williams’s.
The team grabbed the last of their equipment and walked along behind him. They took their positions around a large dome shaped object in the center of the room. As they formed around it, Jack tapped the center of it. His cybernetic implants glowed light

I liked it. You’ve got a lot going on there for an introduction, but I’m guessing it’s one of those "pull ‘em in" with a lot of action, then get to the main plot points after showing what these characters are made of. So far, I think you’re doing well. You’ll need more proofing and spell checking to make sure the words come out as the ones you mean. If you have a decent story to back that up it could make a fine book or short story.

Good luck with it.

Hi,

I’m looking at possibly buying a laser cutting machine. It’s going to be an expensive purchase for my business so I need to make sure we choose the right one - but I’m still doing my research at the minute…

I’m a bit confused about the machines using gas assist (CO2/N2?) - I’m looking for a machine that will cut wood/plastic/metal to a good quality, do all laser cutters use gas assist? I know there’s other options if you’re material specific (eg. just doing metal), but I really want that flexibility of different materials, and could really just do with some advice about what I need to look for, and if there are any laser cutters that don’t use perishables, or extra accessories I’ll need to keep buying?

I’m a bit lost in the woods with this one, so any advice is much appreciated! Don’t try and be smart though… Yahoo Answers isn’t gonna be what I base a potentially £10K decision on! I’m doing my research, just you guys have been helpful before so any points in the right direction would be great!

Thanks in advance Sorry, I’m talking Laser Cutters as in CNC, not handheld tools…
Thanks, any info on cutters for materials like wood and plastics though? Cheers!

No they dont all use gas our under water one for cutting steel plate dos not use gas . Out of water we use a plasma cutter for steel and stainless steel. Both of these would be no use to you. I know Dorset Glass have two for cutting plate glass.

There are so many girly men who like Superman-you know,you get people with skinny as legs wearing tight jeans and sparkly Superman t-shirts!

Superman SUCKS!

How do you think he’d fare in the following match-ups?

The list of who can beat “The Man of Steel” with the ultimate out-classer at the bottom.

10. The Hulk! HULK SMASH SPANDEX MAN!!! THE LONGER HULK FIGHTS,THE STRONGER HULK GETS!

9. Spiderman w/black suit:- super strength, super reflexes, apparent immunity to sharp objects, super sticky webbing?! Even if Superman went into his ultimate form, black-suit Spiderman would just use kryptonite and perhaps even integrate it with his webbing.

8.The Dark Claw (Wolverine and Batman fusion)

Probably the least likely out of the lot straight way BUT Batman’s brains and Wolverine’s brawn-considering Batman is a martial artist and Wolverine has experience with age, I think Dark Claw could just stab him with his adamantium claws or grapple him down with Jiu Jitsu and break Superman’s joints. Dark Claw also has super strength and reflexes. KRYPTONITE-EMBEDDED CLAWS ANYONE?!!!

7. Oh yeah there is The Flash who is the fastest Superhero;as fast as,or faster than Super Sonic,and faster than Roadrunner and Speedy Gonzales wink
I hear he has a “infinite mass punch”

6. Yoda:- Yoda is a Jedi Master with super speed and reflexes that put Spiderman to shame. Not to mention he can use force push/pull,force choke,force lightning and read minds; to name a few of his abilities. Although he may not defeat Superman with raw power, the force is with him; not to mention Superman is the “Man of Steel”-last I heard lightsabres cut through steel like butter.

5.Gandalf the White would be pretty awesome against him; slightly better than Yoda and has magical sword wielding skills as well as the ability to fire out elemental energy attacks. Plus he can’t die-the Gods (Valar?) of LOTR would bring him back (before anybody asks-Sauron and Morgorth were strong for divine beings in LOTR-they were almost as strong as the Valar hence the reason they sent their best Mair down to Earth as wizards who would help turn the tide-Mair is a name for Valar who help in combat and who go out of heaven).

4. Umm, Silver Surfer is apparently pretty awesome too-kinda like the anti version of Superman and he looks much better. Super speed and super strength from Surfer as well as teleportation abilities.

3. Galactus:- Although Yoda may have major symbiosis with the force, Galactus IS the force!!! Galactus has: a very high threshold to many attacks,eats planets, transports people through dimensions, has frikkin laser beams on his frikkin head (sorry, couldn’t resist!),can enslave your mind AND change the matter you’re made of!

2.Thor! Thor is more handsome than Superman with nicer hair. Not to mention he has all of Superman’s major strengths (e.g. super speed,invulnerability, awesome strength, elemental control and magic powers ). Thor even has a big ass Hammer on him!

1. Goku!!!
Now you may think Goku shouldn’t be stronger than Gods like Galactus or Thor BUT he defeated the ultimate evil; Majin Buu (I don’t count Shenron of GT as it sucked balls); the Kais (Gods) couldn’t defeat Buu and Goku pounded on him;standing a MUCH better chance vs Buu AND since Superman is NOT an ultimate hero, Goku would thrash him!
Ok, let’s give Superman a chance; Superman is a SUPER-MAN with speed faster than a speeding bullet,super strength,sharp senses and control of heat and ice BUT Goku is a SUPER-SAIYAN! Even Raditz with a power level just over 1000 can go faster than the speed of LIGHT! Goku has super strength too AND he can destroy the Earth without thinking e.g. when charging up. Goku has martial arts skills that would destroy Superman in hand-to-hand combat and a kamehameha that’d atomise the Earth (when fighting Cell even though Goku wasn’t at his best) would be MUCH more powerful than a few heat beam eye blasts now wouldn’t it? Not to mention if Goku was hungry and tired and somehow not doing well vs Superman then he’d just use Instant Translocation to get some kryptonite smiley
If I give Super-MAN a chance, at best he’d be equal to a full-powered Super-SAIYAN Goku as they are both SUPER but it’s all over for Superman once Goku goes SSJ2!
It’d be all over for Superman BEFORE Goku even went SSJ3! He’s the strongest in the list if he fuses with Gohan or Vegeta!
You do know that a lightsabre is the most powerful weapon EVER and can cut through ANYTHING-it’s even deadlier than the Sun (if the Sun was concentrated into that 1 point)
Not to mention force-powers (if wielded by the correct user) has unlimited force/pressure

You are nothing more than a hater and just want to demean the character of Superman.

The fact is, Superman has powers unlike any other. He is the most iconic and well known hero. Not to mention powerful.

Superman would find a way to win any of these fights, because that’s what Superman does.

The answer to Superman vs anyone is always SUPERMAN WINS.

Bank on it.

The basic parameters in laser cutting are cutting speed, kerf width, laser power, chemistry of gas, nozzle exit pressure, nozzle design, workpiece thickness and surface quality. In oxygen assist laser cutting, the gas jet plays two roles, one is to generate additional thermal energy during formation of FeO and other oxides. This additional energy enhances the process parameters like cutting speed and thickness of the workpiece. The second role is to supply the shear force to the gas/liquid boundary to eject the molten metal formed during the cutting process. In laser cutting the major process is the instantaneous melt ejection, which is achieved by selecting appropriate operating window of the cutting speed, gas pressure, laser power, and stand-off distance etc.,

Laser power and energy density, laser scan speed and laser incident angle are some of the important parameters for laser cutting.

Of course, these will vary depending upon the material and the thickness to be cut.